La diferencia
Comparativo: compara DOS cosas. Usa than. → Toronto is bigger than Vancouver.
Superlativo: destaca UNA cosa dentro de un grupo. Usa the. → Toronto is the biggest city in Ontario.
Regla clave: las formas dependen del NÚMERO DE SÍLABAS del adjetivo. Adjetivos cortos usan sufijos (-er, -est); largos usan más palabras (more, most).
Adjetivos de una sílaba
| Adjetivo | Comparativo | Superlativo |
|---|
| tall | taller | the tallest |
| fast | faster | the fastest |
| big (doblas la g) | bigger | the biggest |
| hot (doblas la t) | hotter | the hottest |
| nice (ya termina en e, solo -r/-st) | nicer | the nicest |
Regla de doblar consonante: si el adjetivo termina en consonante + vocal + consonante (big, hot, thin), doblas la última consonante antes de -er/-est. Excepción: si termina en -w o -x, no doblas.
Adjetivos de dos sílabas terminados en -y
| happy (cambia y por i) | happier | the happiest |
| easy | easier | the easiest |
| busy | busier | the busiest |
| rainy | rainier | the rainiest |
Adjetivos de dos o más sílabas (largos)
| expensive | more expensive | the most expensive |
| interesting | more interesting | the most interesting |
| difficult | more difficult | the most difficult |
| beautiful | more beautiful | the most beautiful |
✗ This is more big than that one.
Big es corto → bigger.
✗ This is expensiver than that one.
Expensive es largo → more expensive.
Irregulares (los más importantes)
| Adjetivo | Comparativo | Superlativo |
|---|
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| far | farther / further | the farthest / furthest |
| little (cantidad) | less | the least |
| much / many | more | the most |
✗ This is gooder than that one.
Good es irregular. Correcto: better.
Estructuras útiles
| Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|
| as + adjetivo + as (igualdad) | She is as tall as her brother. |
| not as + adjetivo + as (menor) | He is not as fast as she is. |
| much / far / a lot + comparativo | This is much better. / Far worse than expected. |
| a bit / a little + comparativo | It's a little colder today. |
| the + comparativo + the + comparativo | The bigger the car, the more gas it uses. |
Ojo con "the" en superlativos: siempre lleva the. She is the tallest, no She is tallest.